Pemeriksaan stunting sebagai upaya preventif kesehatan nasional di tingkat desa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/lebah.v18i4.335Keywords:
Child growth, Community-based screening, Maternal literacy, Public health intervention, StuntingAbstract
Stunting merupakan permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang masih mendominasi di Indonesia, sebagai manifestasi kekurangan gizi kronis yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak dalam jangka panjang. Upaya pencegahan stunting saat ini diarahkan pada penguatan intervensi berbasis komunitas, salah satunya melalui program Posyandu. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pelaksanaan skrining stunting berbasis komunitas di Kecamatan Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor determinan yang memengaruhi status pertumbuhan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain mixed-methods explanatory sequential. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan kader kesehatan, bidan desa, dan ibu balita, dan dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan NVivo 15. Data kuantitatif dikumpulkan melalui survei terhadap 59 responden ibu balita, dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier dengan perangkat lunak Jamovi untuk menguji pengaruh variabel-variabel determinan terhadap skor Z panjang badan menurut umur (length-for-age z-score). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan skrining stunting di Posyandu telah berlangsung secara rutin dan terintegrasi dalam sistem layanan kesehatan primer. Namun demikian, sejumlah hambatan masih ditemui, antara lain rendahnya tingkat pendapatan keluarga, kurangnya literasi gizi ibu, praktik pemberian ASI yang belum optimal, serta keterbatasan akses layanan kesehatan di wilayah terpencil. Hasil regresi linier mengidentifikasi bahwa usia ibu saat melahirkan serta kualitas air rumah tangga merupakan prediktor signifikan terhadap status pertumbuhan anak. Temuan penelitian ini sejalan dengan literatur global yang menekankan pentingnya pendekatan lintas sektor dalam pencegahan stunting, yang mencakup intervensi di bidang kesehatan, pendidikan, dan lingkungan. Penguatan kapasitas layanan kesehatan komunitas serta peningkatan literasi gizi ibu dipandang sebagai strategi kunci untuk menurunkan prevalensi stunting secara berkelanjutan di tingkat lokal.
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