Essequibo regional dispute dynamics and their impact on regional stability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/lebah.v18i4.363Keywords:
DIME–PMESII, Essequibo Dispute, Geopolitical Stability, Institutional Liberalism, and Regional SecurityAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika transformasi sengketa wilayah Essequibo antara Venezuela dan Guyana dari isu perbatasan historis menjadi persoalan geopolitik strategis yang memiliki implikasi signifikan terhadap stabilitas kawasan Amerika Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif berbasis studi pustaka, serta dianalisis melalui kerangka DIME–PMESII dan pendekatan teoretis Realisme dan Liberalisme Institusional. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa konflik ini telah bereskalasi menjadi permasalahan multidimensi yang melibatkan aktor regional maupun global. Dimensi diplomatik menjadi sangat menonjol, tercermin dari keterlibatan Mahkamah Internasional serta dukungan terbuka lembaga kawasan seperti Caribbean Community (CARICOM) dan Organization of American States (OAS) terhadap posisi Guyana. Sementara itu, dimensi ekonomi memperkuat kompleksitas konflik, seiring dengan eksplorasi sumber daya migas strategis di wilayah pesisir Essequibo yang menjadi objek kepentingan nasional bagi kedua negara. Keterlibatan aktor eksternal, termasuk Amerika Serikat, China, dan korporasi multinasional, menambah dinamika konflik serta memperluas spektrum kontestasi geopolitik. Meskipun belum terdapat indikasi konfrontasi bersenjata terbuka, temuan ini menekankan urgensi penyelesaian melalui mekanisme hukum internasional serta perlunya penguatan tata kelola regional untuk mencegah fragmentasi politik dan menjamin stabilitas kawasan.Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi akademik dengan mengkaji dinamika sengketa regional Essequibo dan dampaknya terhadap stabilitas kawasan, serta menawarkan implikasi teoretis terkait eskalasi konflik, geopolitik perbatasan, dan peran mekanisme hukum internasional dalam menjaga perdamaian.
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